Turn the dough out onto a lightly floured surface. Carefully stretch the bread dough into a square. Sprinkle with half of the lemon sugar and 1/2 cup of blueberries.
Fold 1/3 of the dough over.
Top with 1/2 of the remaining lemon sugar & blueberries.
Fold 1/3 of the dough over to cover the blueberries. Top with remaining blueberries and lemon sugar.
Carefully roll the dough, pinching the ends as you go to enclose the fruit. Add any blueberries that pop out.
Carefully form a ball. Pinch any areas that have opened. Place in a bread banneton basket and pinch any open seams. Cover with a damp towel or disposable shower cap (I like this method so I can see the dough), or leave on a floured surface and cover with a lightly floured tea towel. Let the dough rest 1-2 hours at room temperature.
Preheat oven to 475ºF with the cast iron Dutch oven inside for 30-45 minutes.
Turn the dough out of proofing basket seam side down on a sheet of parchment paper or a silicone bread sling (shown above). Carefully lower into the hot Dutch oven. Use a bread lame, razor blade, or a sharp knife to score the top of the dough. Cover and bake 30 minutes. Remove the lid and continue baking 15-20 minutes longer. Remove and allow to cool 30 minutes, or completely, on a wire rack before slicing.